A Republican-backed federal bill would exempt low-producing oil wells from Biden-era gas leak detection requirements, a change that could affect many wells in California.

Supporters of the Protect Domestic Oil and Gas Small Business Act of 2026 say Clean Air Act rules burden small-scale producers and were designed for larger operations.

But Kyle Ferrar, western program director for the FracTracker Alliance, said low-producing wells need to be monitored because they account for nearly half of all methane emissions nationwide.

“Robust leak detection and reporting requirements are incredibly important for not only environmental health and community safety, but also for our energy independence,” Ferrar said.

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Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change.

California has its own methane rule requiring leak inspections and repairs. But the rule does not cover heavy oil, which makes up most of the state’s oil production. Advocates want the California Air Resources Board to follow through with a 2024 proposal to close loopholes for heavy oil wells.

Ferrar said aging wells emit methane and many other toxic air pollutants.

“There are thousands of aging wells in the state that emit methane and other toxic air pollutants,” Ferrar said. “These include carcinogens and risk drivers for asthma exacerbation, heart attack, and stroke, in addition to other cardiovascular and upper respiratory diseases.”

Data from the Rocky Mountain Institute shows California is home to an estimated 18,000 marginal wells.

People can find the location of oil and gas facilities near them by entering their address into maps at FracTracker.org.